Reading

** Short answer questions  **. 1. Explain what you think an “inveigher of ‘free trade’” is. [Guessing meaning] ** // Somebody who thinks free trade is a bad idea  // ****  [1]  ** 2. Name two ways in which the US has been less aggressive than the Romans or the British? ** //  1. contained their populations in national borders   // ** ** //  2. used armies to secure peace    // ** ** // 3. promoted fairness, equality and liberty  // ****  (2)  ** 3. What are the three principles expressed in the American Declaration of Independence? _   ** //   1. liberty, democracy and pursuit of happiness   // ** ** // or. 2. right to free speech, religion and unions // ****  [3]  ** 4. What are the freedoms protected by these principles? ** //  1. Free speech, religion and unions   // ** ** // or.2. economic and social freedoms // ****. [2] **     5. What is the medium through which these principles have come to be expressed? ** // English  // ****  [1]  ** 6. What are Germany, Japan and Italy given as examples of? ** //  1. worst manifestations of a centralised state   // ** ** // 2. intense nationalism  // ****  [1]  ** 7. What, according to the article, does a ‘common destiny’ ensure? ** // Diversity  // ****  [1]  ** ** Sentence Completion  **. ** What you write must produce a grammatical sentence. **     8. International trade is a synonym for ** ‘__the free market’.__ [1]. **     9. Nationalist models of economic management are opposed to     **   1.economic benefits for all   ** **  2. free trade   ** **  3. international trade   ** **  4. globalisation [1]   ** 10. One effect of English language learning is ** __the increasing benefits of international trade for the economy /the development of the economy__ .[1] ** 11. One effect of international trade is ** __to enable learners to embrace a wider market of goods and services.__ [1] ** 12. Since 1976 ** __the GDP of South American and Asian economies have tripled.__________[1]__ ** 13. Non-globalising economies in the 1990’s ** __grew four times slower than globalising economies__ ** ** (1) **     14. Health, education and life opportunities have ** __improved because of economic development. /have been improved by free trade.__ [1] ** 15. The tone of the article is ** __naively optimistic__ ** because Muldoon uses phrases like ** ‘__an invitation to all nations to put aside their differences’__  ** and ** ‘__the best ones for successful countries’__ **
 * Muldoon  **